Description
This reference book is for anyone involved in generating surgical training scenarios, as well as in VR-based training in general. It examines the main components required to define a scenario, in the context of surgical scene generation: Generation of the scene geometry; modelling of organ appearance; definition of biomechanical parameters. The book is the ideal reference for any reader involved in generating training scenarios, as well as in VR-based training in general. Introduction.- Motivation.- Surgical Education.- Overview.- VR-based Training.- Surgical Simulation.- Training Scene Generation.- Outline.- Geometry.- Introduction.- Definitions.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Process Elements.- Previous Work Related to Surgical Simulation.- Data Acquisition.- Overview.- Uterine Image Acquisition.- Healthy Anatomy Generation.- Outline.- Segmentation.- Statistical Model.- Shape Prediction.- Pathology Integration.- Outline.- Skeleton-based Design.- Cellular Automata Growth Model.- Particle System Growth Model.- Volumetric Representation.- Modelling Examples.- Appearance.- Introduction.- Definitions.- Texturing in Computer Graphics.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Process Elements.- Previous Approaches in Surgery Simulation.- Data Acquisition and Enhancement.- In-vivo Image Acquisition.- Image Enhancement.- Base Texture Generation.- Procedural Textures.- Review.- Generation of Simple Textures.- Texture Synthesis.- Human Texture Perception.- Review.- Texture Generation for Laparoscopic Simulation.- Texture Generation for Hysteroscopic Simulation.- Additional Texture Detail.- Embedding of Specks into Liver Textures.- Overlay of Real Follicle Textures.- Texture Mapping.- Mesh Cutting.- Mesh Parameterization.- Modelling Examples.- Biomechanics.- Introduction.- Deformation Models.- Tissue Parameter Acquisition.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Previous Work.- Genetic Optimization Approach.- Outline.- 2D Topology Optimization.- Extension to 3D Topology Identification.- Simultaneous Topology and Spring Constant Identification.- Analytical Derivation.- Overview.- Derivation for Constant Strain Triangle.- Derivation for Tetrahedral Element.- Discussion.- Conclusion.- Summary.- Hysteroscopy Simulation.- Extension: Vessel Generation.- Outlook.- Acronyms.- References.-Index
