Biological Safety: Principles and Practices

Introduction Contributors ix Foreword–Caryl P. Griffin and James Welch xiii Preface xv Section I. Hazard identification 1. The Microbiota of Humans and Microbial Virulence Factors 3 Paul A. Granato 2. Indigenous Zoonotic Agents of Research Animals 19 Lon V. Kendall 3. Biological Safety Considerations for Plant Pathogens and Plant-Associated Microorganisms of Significance to Human Health 39 Anne K. Vidaver, Sue A. Tolin, and Patricia Lambrecht 4. Laboratory-Associated Infections 59 Karen Brandt Byers and A. Lynn Harding Section II. Hazard assessment 5. Risk Assessment of Biological Hazards 95 Dawn P. Wooley and Diane O. Fleming 6. Protozoa and Helminths 105 Barbara L. Herwaldt 7. Mycotic Agents 147 Wiley A. Schell 8. Bacterial Pathogens 163 Travis R. McCarthy, Ami A. Patel, Paul E. Anderson, and Deborah M. Anderson 9. Viral Agents of Human Disease: Biosafety Concerns 187 Michelle Rozo, James Lawler, and Jason Paragas 10. Emerging Considerations in Virus-Based Gene Transfer Systems 221 J. Patrick Condreay, Thomas A. Kost, and Claudia A. Mickelson 11. Biological Toxins: Safety and Science 247 Joseph P. Kozlovac and Robert J. Hawley 12. Molecular Agents 269 Dawn P. Wooley 13. Biosafety for Microorganisms Transmitted by the Airborne Route 285 Michael A. Pentella 14. Cell Lines: Applications and Biosafety 299 Glyn N. Stacey and J. Ross Hawkins 15. Allergens of Animal and Biological Systems 327 Wanda Phipatanakul and Robert A. Wood Section III. Hazard Control 16. Design of Biomedical Laboratory and Specialized Biocontainment Facilities 343 Jonathan T. Crane and Jonathan Y. Richmond 17. Primary Barriers and Equipment-Associated Hazards 367 Elizabeth Gilman Duane and Richard C. Fink 18. Primary Barriers: Biological Safety Cabinets, Fume Hoods, and Glove Boxes 375 David C. Eagleson, Kara F. Held, Lance Gaudette, Charles W. Quint, Jr., and David G. Stuart 19. Arthropod Vector Biocontainment 399 Dana L. Vanlandingham, Stephen Higgs, and Yan-Jang S. Huang 20. Aerosols in the Microbiology Laboratory 411 Clare Shieber, Simon Parks, and Allan Bennett 21. Personal Respiratory Protection 425 Nicole Vars McCullough 22. Standard Precautions for Handling Human Fluids, Tissues, and Cells 443 Debra L. Hunt 23. Decontamination in the Microbiology Laboratory 463 Matthew J. Arduino 24. Packing and Shipping Biological Materials 475 Ryan F. Relich and James W. Snyder Section IV. Administrative Control 25. Developing a Biorisk Management Program to Support Biorisk Management Culture 495 LouAnn C. Burnett 26. Occupational Medicine in a Biomedical Research Setting 511 James M. Schmitt 27. Measuring Biosafety Program Effectiveness 519 Janet S. Peterson and Melissa A. Morland 28. A “”One-Safe”” Approach: Continuous Safety Training Initiatives 537 Sean G. Kaufman 29. Biosafety and Biosecurity: Regulatory Impact 551 Robert J. Hawley and Theresa D. Bell Toms Section V. Special Environments 30. Biological Safety and Security in Teaching Laboratories 565 Christopher J. Woolverton and Abbey K. Woolverton 31. Biosafety in the Pharmaceutical Industry 585 Brian R. Petuch 32. Biosafety Considerations for Large-Scale Processes 597 Mary L. Cipriano, Marian Downing, and Brian R. Petuch 33. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories and Necropsy 619 Timothy Baszler and Tanya Graham 34. Special Considerations for Animal Agriculture Pathogen Biosafety 647 Robert A. Heckert, Joseph P. Kozlovac, and John T. Balog 35. Biosafety of Plant Research in Greenhouses and Other Specialized Containment Facilities 665 Dann Adair, Sue Tolin, Anne K. Vidaver, and Ruth Irwin 36. Biosafety Guidelines for Working with Small Mammals in a Field Environment 679 Darin S. Carroll, Danielle Tack, and Charles H. Calisher 37. Components of a Biosafety Program for a Clinical Laboratory 687 Michael A. Pentella 38. Safety Considerations in the Biosafety Level 4 Maximum-Containment Laboratory 695 David S. Bressler and Robert J. Hawley Index 719